Many people with ADHD find it difficult to focus, suffer from anxiety and have low self-esteem. Bulat Silvia/iStock via Getty Images Plus
Imagine that it’s 4:59 p.m., only one minute before your deadline. You swore you’d never put yourself in this position again, and yet you have. This isn’t your best work, and you’ll be lucky just to turn anything in. What would you do differently if you could turn back the clock?
Living with ADHD can feel like this on a daily basis, but it doesn’t have to.
For millions of adults throughout the world, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, best known as ADHD, is a persistent disorder that begins in childhood and is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, or a combination thereof. Complicating the diagnosis is that ADHD often co-occurs with, and is sometimes mistaken for, other health conditions like anxiety or substance abuse.
Because of the steady stream of negative feedback people with ADHD receive about their productivity, organizational skills and time management, some people with the disorder may have low self-esteem or feel inadequate. But rather than an intrinsic personal defect, ADHD is a treatable condition. Research shows that behavioral strategies, along with medication when necessary, can help people improve their focus and ease of functioning in daily life.
As a psychologist and an assistant clinical professor at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, I lead an adult therapy group that focuses on skills to manage ADHD. From that work, I’ve compiled numerous strategies to help anyone who has trouble harnessing their attention, whether or not they’ve received a formal ADHD diagnosis.
There are different types of ADHD: inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive, and combined. ADHD impacts kids, teenagers, and adults but is treatable with the help of professionals.
Organizational systems and prioritizing
A simple organizational system can improve focus by providing a way to keep track of important activities. Ideally the system is centered on one tool, such as a notebook or phone app, assuming the phone is not too distracting. Developing a routine that includes a daily schedule, a regularly updated to-do list and a calendar to remind yourself of appointments can provide a foundation for building focus and a sense of control.
With the to-do list, it’s crucial to break tasks down into manageable parts and then prioritize them. Knowing what to prioritize can be difficult, but one helpful approach is the Eisenhower matrix, which divides tasks into four quadrants: urgent and important, like a work project that’s due tomorrow; urgent and unimportant, such as a request that someone else can fulfill; nonurgent but important, like long-term projects; and nonurgent and unimportant, meaning something that doesn’t need to be done.
Many with ADHD are motivated to first fulfill urgent and unimportant tasks such as responding to the requests of others, because someone else’s sense of urgency seems more important than their own needs. Also, doing something for someone else can lead to quick positive feedback and provide a welcome break from what may be a stressful task. The Eisenhower matrix prioritizes what’s most important instead of what’s most immediately gratifying.
The Eisenhower decision matrix can help people prioritize tasks by level of importance and urgency. Chavapong Prateep Na Thalang/iStock via Getty Images Plus
Managing the environment and limiting distractions
Several strategies can help you stay on track. It’s key to create an environment that’s conducive to productivity. That means limiting distractions and setting up barriers to temptation. Use social media web blockers while working, and ideally put your phone and computer in airplane mode. Set up environmental cues, like alarms and visual reminders, to monitor time and make sure you’re sticking with your targeted priority.
Waiting to focus on a task until just before the deadline not only causes last-minute stress, but it also has a domino effect on other priorities and basic life necessities, like eating and sleeping. This can be remedied with the “distractibility delay,” a method of staying on task that’s especially useful for tasks you want to avoid. The first step is to designate a time period for which you can stay focused. For example, focus on work for 25 minutes, then take a five-minute break before repeating the cycle.
Set a timer and have your notebook nearby. When you begin doing the challenging task, you may discover that other unrelated activities suddenly seem urgent. Instead of acting on them, jot down those tasks in your notebook, remind yourself you can do them later and return to the work at hand. At the end of the focused period, look at what you jotted down and decide if any of those tasks actually require immediate action. If so, you can do them during your break or add them to your to-do list.
Support networks
A support system is critical to staying on task, both to hold yourself accountable and to get encouragement. Your support network could include friends and family, a therapist, group therapy, or an online forum to share goals and receive feedback.
Another effective support strategy is body doubling. This means working, either physically or virtually, alongside someone you know who is also working. This creates mutual accountability for staying on task.
Learn more about ADHD insomnia: https://www.additudemag.com/slideshows/i-cant-sleep-help-for-adhd-adults/
The need for sleep
People with ADHD often have trouble going to bed at a designated time – and then have trouble falling asleep. And a large body of evidence indicates that irregular sleep can perpetuate a cycle of attention difficulties.
Sticking to a bedtime schedule and getting up at the same time every day is part of a good sleep hygiene strategy. So is avoiding tobacco, caffeine, large meals and alcohol within a couple of hours of sleep. Also try not to nap within eight hours of your regular bedtime.
Develop ways to calmly unwind before bed. It is normal to take time to fall asleep, but if you’re unable to sleep after 45 minutes, get out of bed and do a relaxing activity until you’re sleepy again. It is not helpful to watch the clock.
As you incorporate these strategies, start with those that are most accessible to you. Though people with ADHD often chase novelty and chafe at routine, developing a routine is worth it. You might find that instead of racing to finish at the last minute, you have time to spare and are proud of what you’ve done.
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Rob Rosenthal does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
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The most sleep-deprived cities in the U.S.
The Most Sleep-Deprived Cities in the U.S.
Updated
Mar 21, 2022
Photo Credit: Iryna Kalamurza / Shutterstock
Recent years have brought explosive demand for products and resources to improve people’s health and well-being. The wellness market is one of the fastest-growing consumer industries, as more people seek out new products and services to support wellness, from fitness to nutrition to mindfulness and mental health.
But one of the most important components of health and wellness is also one of the most fundamental: sleep. Lower rates of sleep are associated with a number of health problems, including a weakened immune system, reduced memory and cognitive performance, and greater likelihood of injuries or accidents. The CDC recommends that all adults get more than seven hours of sleep per night to help ensure good health, though only around two in three adults report meeting that threshold.
Critically, people who get less sleep tend to have more difficulty preventing and managing chronic health conditions. People who sleep less than seven hours are significantly more likely than those sleeping more than seven hours to have diabetes (11.1% vs. 8.6%), coronary heart disease (4.7% vs. 3.4%), and obesity (33.0% vs. 26.5%). And mental health shows the relationship even more strongly: the rate of depression among insufficient sleepers is more than 1.5 times as high as the rate for sufficient sleepers (22.9% vs. 14.6%).
Insufficient sleepers face elevated risks of many health conditions
Updated
Mar 21, 2022
And as with other health behaviors and conditions, quality sleep is uneven across different demographic categories. Around one-third of all adults get less than seven hours of sleep per night, but that figure varies according to factors like race and ethnicity and income level. Nearly half of Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (47.0%) are not getting enough sleep, along with more than two in five Black Americans (43.5%)—far higher than the rates for Asian (30.5%), White (30.7%), and Hispanic (32.3%) Americans. For the lowest income Americans—those making less than $15,000 per year—38% are sleeping less than seven hours on average, but for those on the higher end of the income spectrum making more than $50,000, only 30.8% are sleep-deprived.
Insufficient sleep is correlated with race ethnicity _ income
Updated
Mar 21, 2022
These demographic characteristics also help explain the locations where people are getting the least sleep. Hawaii (44%) has the most residents receiving inadequate sleep, which makes sense given the high population of Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders. Many of the other states with residents sleeping less are found in the Appalachian region—including West Virginia (41.5%), Kentucky (40.7%), and Tennessee (40.7%)—which has some of the lowest incomes of any part of the country. At the local level, the majority of the most sleep-deprived cities are found in these states and in nearby parts of the South and Rust Belt regions.
Adults in Appalachia _ Hawaii get the least amount of sleep
Updated
Mar 21, 2022
The data used in this analysis is from the CDC’s PLACES: Local Data for Better Health 2021 Release. To determine the most sleep-deprived locations in the U.S., researchers at HotDog.com calculated the proportion of adults who get less than the recommended minimum of seven hours of sleep in a typical 24 hour period. For additional context, researchers also calculated the proportion of adults who report various health conditions associated with insufficient sleep, including diabetes, coronary heart disease, obesity, and depression.
Here are the most sleep-deprived cities in the U.S.
25. Columbus, OH
Updated
Mar 21, 2022
Photo Credit: Zack Frank / Shutterstock
- Share of adults getting <7 hours per night: 42.2%
- Share of adults with diabetes: 10.4%
- Share of adults with heart disease: 5.3%
- Share of adults with obesity: 36.7%
- Share of adults with depression: 21.9%
24. Murfreesboro, TN
Updated
Mar 21, 2022
Photo Credit: J. Adam Hamilton / Shutterstock
- Share of adults getting <7 hours per night: 42.3%
- Share of adults with diabetes: 8.9%
- Share of adults with heart disease: 4.5%
- Share of adults with obesity: 36.1%
- Share of adults with depression: 27.8%
23. Fayetteville, NC
Updated
Mar 21, 2022
Photo Credit: refrina / Shutterstock
- Share of adults getting <7 hours per night: 42.3%
- Share of adults with diabetes: 11.8%
- Share of adults with heart disease: 5.5%
- Share of adults with obesity: 34.3%
- Share of adults with depression: 22.6%
22. Montgomery, AL
Updated
Mar 21, 2022
Photo Credit: Sean Pavone / Shutterstock
- Share of adults getting <7 hours per night: 42.6%
- Share of adults with diabetes: 14.2%
- Share of adults with heart disease: 6.5%
- Share of adults with obesity: 37.6%
- Share of adults with depression: 22.0%
21. Buffalo, NY
Updated
Mar 21, 2022
Photo Credit: Sergey Novikov / Shutterstock
- Share of adults getting <7 hours per night: 42.7%
- Share of adults with diabetes: 13.1%
- Share of adults with heart disease: 6.6%
- Share of adults with obesity: 37.2%
- Share of adults with depression: 21.4%
20. Beaumont, TX
Updated
Mar 21, 2022
Photo Credit: Silvio Ligutti / Shutterstock
- Share of adults getting <7 hours per night: 42.8%
- Share of adults with diabetes: 14.1%
- Share of adults with heart disease: 6.3%
- Share of adults with obesity: 41.0%
- Share of adults with depression: 19.7%
19. Augusta, GA
Updated
Mar 21, 2022
Photo Credit: Sean Pavone / Shutterstock
- Share of adults getting <7 hours per night: 42.8%
- Share of adults with diabetes: 14.4%
- Share of adults with heart disease: 6.7%
- Share of adults with obesity: 37.8%
- Share of adults with depression: 19.8%
18. Macon, GA
Updated
Mar 21, 2022
Photo Credit: Sean Pavone / Shutterstock
- Share of adults getting <7 hours per night: 43.1%
- Share of adults with diabetes: 15.2%
- Share of adults with heart disease: 7.3%
- Share of adults with obesity: 38.4%
- Share of adults with depression: 21.3%
17. Newport News, VA
Updated
Mar 21, 2022
Photo Credit: beredesign / Shutterstock
- Share of adults getting <7 hours per night: 43.3%
- Share of adults with diabetes: 11.4%
- Share of adults with heart disease: 5.3%
- Share of adults with obesity: 38.3%
- Share of adults with depression: 19.8%
16. Toledo, OH
Updated
Mar 21, 2022
Photo Credit: Michael Shake / Shutterstock
- Share of adults getting <7 hours per night: 43.5%
- Share of adults with diabetes: 14.2%
- Share of adults with heart disease: 7.7%
- Share of adults with obesity: 39.5%
- Share of adults with depression: 24.4%
15. Jackson, MS
Updated
Mar 21, 2022
Photo Credit: Sean Pavone / Shutterstock
- Share of adults getting <7 hours per night: 43.5%
- Share of adults with diabetes: 15.4%
- Share of adults with heart disease: 6.0%
- Share of adults with obesity: 43.4%
- Share of adults with depression: 20.1%
14. Miramar, FL
Updated
Mar 21, 2022
Photo Credit: Felix Mizioznikov / Shutterstock
- Share of adults getting <7 hours per night: 43.7%
- Share of adults with diabetes: 11.1%
- Share of adults with heart disease: 4.0%
- Share of adults with obesity: 32.2%
- Share of adults with depression: 16.0%
13. Rochester, NY
Updated
Mar 21, 2022
Photo Credit: Wirestock Creators / Shutterstock
- Share of adults getting <7 hours per night: 43.9%
- Share of adults with diabetes: 12.8%
- Share of adults with heart disease: 6.1%
- Share of adults with obesity: 37.8%
- Share of adults with depression: 22.1%
12. Clarksville, TN
Updated
Mar 21, 2022
Photo Credit: SannaBlue / Shutterstock
- Share of adults getting <7 hours per night: 44.0%
- Share of adults with diabetes: 10.1%
- Share of adults with heart disease: 4.6%
- Share of adults with obesity: 37.2%
- Share of adults with depression: 25.5%
11. Birmingham, AL
Updated
Mar 21, 2022
Photo Credit: Sean Pavone / Shutterstock
- Share of adults getting <7 hours per night: 44.0%
- Share of adults with diabetes: 17.3%
- Share of adults with heart disease: 7.2%
- Share of adults with obesity: 39.6%
- Share of adults with depression: 21.0%
10. Baltimore, MD
Updated
Mar 21, 2022
Photo Credit: Sean Pavone / Shutterstock
- Share of adults getting <7 hours per night: 44.1%
- Share of adults with diabetes: 12.9%
- Share of adults with heart disease: 5.7%
- Share of adults with obesity: 37.2%
- Share of adults with depression: 20.4%
9. Columbus, GA
Updated
Mar 21, 2022
Photo Credit: Sean Pavone / Shutterstock
- Share of adults getting <7 hours per night: 44.1%
- Share of adults with diabetes: 13.7%
- Share of adults with heart disease: 6.4%
- Share of adults with obesity: 37.5%
- Share of adults with depression: 20.4%
8. Philadelphia, PA
Updated
Mar 21, 2022
Photo Credit: Gang Liu / Shutterstock
- Share of adults getting <7 hours per night: 45.1%
- Share of adults with diabetes: 12.6%
- Share of adults with heart disease: 6.0%
- Share of adults with obesity: 32.2%
- Share of adults with depression: 22.0%
7. Dayton, OH
Updated
Mar 21, 2022
Photo Credit: Patricia Elaine Thomas / Shutterstock
- Share of adults getting <7 hours per night: 45.7%
- Share of adults with diabetes: 16.5%
- Share of adults with heart disease: 8.0%
- Share of adults with obesity: 42.2%
- Share of adults with depression: 23.1%
6. Honolulu, HI
Updated
Mar 21, 2022
Photo Credit: Izabela23 / Shutterstock
- Share of adults getting <7 hours per night: 46.3%
- Share of adults with diabetes: 11.1%
- Share of adults with heart disease: 5.0%
- Share of adults with obesity: 22.4%
- Share of adults with depression: 12.7%
5. Miami Gardens, FL
Updated
Mar 21, 2022
Photo Credit: Mia2you / Shutterstock
- Share of adults getting <7 hours per night: 46.5%
- Share of adults with diabetes: 16.2%
- Share of adults with heart disease: 6.2%
- Share of adults with obesity: 35.5%
- Share of adults with depression: 17.2%
4. Flint, MI
Updated
Mar 21, 2022
Photo Credit: Jacob Boomsma / Shutterstock
- Share of adults getting <7 hours per night: 47.6%
- Share of adults with diabetes: 17.9%
- Share of adults with heart disease: 8.3%
- Share of adults with obesity: 49.0%
- Share of adults with depression: 23.8%
3. Memphis, TN
Updated
Mar 21, 2022
Photo Credit: Sean Pavone / Shutterstock
- Share of adults getting <7 hours per night: 47.9%
- Share of adults with diabetes: 15.7%
- Share of adults with heart disease: 6.6%
- Share of adults with obesity: 40.3%
- Share of adults with depression: 22.2%
2. Cleveland, OH
Updated
Mar 21, 2022
Photo Credit: Sean Pavone / Shutterstock
- Share of adults getting <7 hours per night: 50.2%
- Share of adults with diabetes: 16.6%
- Share of adults with heart disease: 8.3%
- Share of adults with obesity: 43.9%
- Share of adults with depression: 22.2%
1. Detroit, MI
Updated
Mar 21, 2022
Photo Credit: Sean Pavone / Shutterstock
- Share of adults getting <7 hours per night: 51.2%
- Share of adults with diabetes: 18.0%
- Share of adults with heart disease: 8.2%
- Share of adults with obesity: 49.0%
- Share of adults with depression: 19.6%